
Laboratory Practice Guidelines of the Ontario Society of Clinical Chemists
May, 1999
Number 2
Reporting Critical Values
Most laboratories have a list of tests with critical reporting values. When a laboratory test yields a result that exceeds the critical value, the laboratory must immediately verify its accuracy and inform the appropropriate medical staff of the result. There are differences of opinion as to what constitutes a critical (life threatening) value. Drugs are often added to such critical lists. Critical drug levels usually merit keen attention and immediate action but they may not be strictly life threatening. Each laboratory should prepare, in cooperation with its medical staff, a list of critical values and a process to follow in reporting these values.
Recommended Critical Values (Tests)
|
Test |
Lower Limit |
Upper Limit |
Units |
| Blood Gases | |||
| pH | 7.20 | 7.50 | |
| pCO2 | 20 | 60 | mm Hg |
| pO2 | 40 | -- | mm Hg |
| Electrolytes | |||
| Na+ | 120 | 160 | mmol/L |
| K+ | 3.0 | 6.0 | mmol/L |
| Cl- | 80 | 125 | mmol/L |
| HCO3- | 15 | 35 | mmol/L |
| Glucose | 2.5 | 25 | mmol/L |
| Creatinine | -- | 1500* | umol/L |
| Osmolality | 250 | 330 | mosmol/Kg |
| Calcium | 1.5 | 3.0 | mmol/L |
| Magnesium | 0.4 | 3.0 | mmol/L |
| Phosphate | 0.4 | 3.0 | mmol/L |
Recommended Critical Values (Drugs)
|
Drug |
Upper Limit |
Units |
| Analgesics | ||
| Salicylates | 2.0 | mmol/L |
| Acetaminophen | 60** | umol/L |
| Anti-Epileptic Drugs | ||
| Carbamazepine | 63 | umol/L |
| Phenobarbital | 225 | umol/L |
| Phenytoin | 120 | umol/L |
| Valproate | 1400 | umol/L |
| Aminoglycosides | ||
| Amikacin | 40 | mg/L |
| Gentimicin | 10 | mg/L |
| Tobramycin | 10 | mg/L |
| Vancomycin | 470 | mg/L |
| Others | ||
| Digoxin | 3.8 | nmol/L |
| Lithium | 1.5 | mmol/L |
| Theophylline | 110 | umol/L |
Tests that are printed in bold must be included in any list of critical reporting values.
* First time Creatinine: 200 umol/L.
** Four hours post-ingestion.
Recommendations:
- Develop a list of critical test results and reporting procedures in consultation with your medical staff.
- Train your staff in appropriate verification and reporting procedures when test results exceed critical values.
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